Wolfgang Pölzer and Barbara Lackner
 The best diving waters in Austria
3rd updated and expanded edition
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Lawson Wood
Dive sites are described in detail from Stranraer in the south west all the way to Cape Wrath at the north west of Scotland and includes all of the commercial diving locations such as the Clyde Estuary; Loch Fyne; Oban, the Garvellachs and Sound of Mull; Fort William; the Inner and Outer Hebrides; St.Kilda and the Flannan Isles and the Summer Isles.
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Latest news going up
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Come with us to our NEW FaceBook page
Photo & Video Workshops
2 Sep 2010 - 13 Sep 2010
Tony White, one of the UK's leading underwater photographers, will be hosting an underwater photographic workshop in collaboration with Aquamarine Diving Bali Indonesia.
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20 Nov 2010 - 4 Dec 2010
Dive into the crystal clear sacred waters of the Mayas! The extensive cave system lying under the Yucatan Peninsula is like a Swiss cheese, full of holes! And after 180 degree turn you go from fresh to salt water!
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20 Nov 2010 - 2 Dec 2010
Come dive the famed reefs of Raja Ampat with Wetpixel! Raja Ampat, Indonesia, is generally considered to be the center of tropical marine biodiversity. Lush, colorful coral reefs are a backdrop for exceptional fish and invertebrate life.
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 Join Eric Cheng and Alex Mustard in an underwater photography expedition to Alaska in June 11-23, 2011. We'll be aboard the liveaboard dive vessel, the Nautilus Explorer, for 13 days of exploration between Sitka and Ketchikan.
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2 Apr 2011 - 8 Apr 2011
DO YOU WANT TO LEARN TO SHOOT SHARKS LIKE A PRO?
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Manganese damages the immune response in marine animals
Hypoxia, or lack of oxygen, in bottom waters is a well known environmental problem. New research at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden adds to the list of ill effects: hypoxia leads to increased levels of manganese, which damages the immune response in marine animals.
Water eutrophication and the resulting hypoxia is an ever-current issue, not least in connection with summer algal blooms. A more recently acknowledged problem is that hypoxia, which occurs when algae is broken down, increases the release of toxic metals from bottom sediments. Researchers at the University of Gothenburg have found that one of these metals, manganese, may damage the immune response in marine animals.
RELEVANT LINKS:
Essential - and toxic
While low doses of manganese are essential to life in both humans and animals, it has been known for a long time that higher doses can be detrimental to health. Manganese is abundant in soft ocean bottoms, but since it is normally bound to the sediments it usually does not cause any ill effects. However, hypoxia releases the manganese from the sediments, making it a threat to the health of marine species.
Affects the bottom living lobster
Researcher Carolina Oweson, Department of Marine Ecology at the University of Gothenburg, has studied how manganese in Swedish coastal waters affects the Norway lobster, the blue mussel and the common sea star. Her conclusion is that while manganese does not seem to have a permanent effect, it does threaten the survival of several species during periods of hypoxia.
Norwegian lobster
- While the effects of manganese on the immune response in the studied animals vary, they are all affected in some way. The Norway lobster and mussels are affected the most, for example through an increased susceptibility to infections, says Oweson.
Similar to humans
Marine animals are of great interest to researchers since their immune systems are similar to those of humans in many ways. The species in Oweson's study also make up an important part of our marine ecosystem. In addition, new findings indicating that hypoxia is becoming increasingly common in coastal areas around the world make Oweson's study even more relevant.
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